Interdependence between chloroplasts and mitochondria in. Pdf the subunit of the chloroplast atp synthase of pisum. Figure4 cryoem structure of the chloroplast atp synthase. Structure, mechanism, and regulation of the chloroplast. Pdf the structure and regulation of chloroplast atp synthase. Molecular devices of chloroplast f 1 atp synthase for the regulation toru. The structure, activities, and mechanism of the chloroplast atp synthase are discussed. As a result, the chloroplast genome is heavily reduced compared to that of freeliving. Chloroplasts are plant cell organelles that convert light energy into relatively stable. The features of atp synthase nanomachines are remarkably similar in chloroplasts and mitochondria, considering their evolutionary distance of a billion years or more. Optimization of atp synthase function in mitochondria and chloroplasts via the adenylate kinase equilibrium. Under physiological conditions, adp can exist both in a free and. Chloroplasts contain high amounts of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol mgdg and digalactosyldiacylglycerol dgdg and low levels of the anionic.
Chloroplasts and photosynthesis molecular biology of the cell. Genomic footprints of a cryptic plastid endosymbiosis in diatoms pdf. Regulation of the activity of the chloroplast atp synthase is critical in driving efficiency into the atp synthesis reaction in chloroplasts. The chloroplast atp genes are organized as two operons in plants but not in the green alga, chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Atp to noncatalytic sites of chloroplast atp synthase and the effect. It cat alyzes the synthesis of atp from adp and inorganic phosphate by. Thylakoid membranelocalized chloroplast atp synthases use the proton motive force generated by photosynthetic electron transport to produce atp from adp.
Pdf on the structure of the atpsynthase from chloroplasts. Chloroplasts also provide diverse metabolic activities for plant cells, including the synthesis of fatty acids, membrane lipids. Although it is well known that the chloroplast atp synthase is composed of more than 20 proteins with. Molecular devices of chloroplast f atp synthase for the. It is widely accepted that chloroplasts evolved from a freeliving photosynthetic. In chloroplasts, atp synthase receives protons from thylakoid lumen, which. In contrast to the wellcharacterized spinach spinacea oleracea chloroplast atp synthase cf1cfo, the properties of the chloroplast atp synthase from pea pisum sativum have not been as. The chloroplast atp synthase features the characteristic redox. Chloroplasts are the major site for fatty acid synthesis. The chloroplast adenosine triphosphate atp synthase is located in the thylakoid membrane and synthesizes atp from adenosine diphosphate and inorganic phosphate at the expense of the electrochemical proton gradient formed by lightdependent electron flow. The head of the chloroplast atp synthase, where atp is made, protrudes from. Some plants seem to have kept the genes for the synthesis of the. Optimization of atp synthase function in mitochondria and frontiers. The chloroplastic atp synthase cf0f1 is a large multisubunit protein assembly that is located in the thylakoid membrane.
477 1248 1465 1242 812 1581 1385 1571 35 1272 1324 1553 545 839 1521 1235 490 50 897 125 35 1532 242 146 1181 875 691 1333 1368 1013 1328 422 781 150 1343 1405 718 1351